Hemp Farming 101 | Using Bugs Instead of Pesticides

Using Beneficial Insects in Organic Pest Control for Commercial Grow Operations

For commercial grow operations committed to organic practices, pest control can be a significant challenge. However, biological pest control using beneficial insects offers an effective, environmentally friendly solution. These natural predators, including lacewing larvae, nematodes, Californicus mites, and ladybugs, can help manage pest populations without resorting to harmful chemicals. Incorporating beneficial insects into a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for organic pest control ensures a balanced, sustainable approach to maintaining plant health.

1. Lacewing Larvae (Chrysoperla spp.)

Lacewing larvae, also called "aphid lions," are known for their voracious appetite for soft-bodied pests like aphids, thrips, whiteflies, and spider mites.

How to Use:

• Release lacewing larvae or eggs directly into areas where pests are present. They are available in small packets or loose material for easy application.
• Best used preventively or at the early signs of infestation.
• Avoid chemical pesticides that could harm lacewing larvae.

Benefits:

• Lacewing larvae are highly efficient at reducing pest populations and can prevent infestations before they become problematic.
• They are suitable for various growing environments, including greenhouses and outdoor crops.

2. Nematodes (Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp.)

Beneficial nematodes are microscopic, parasitic worms that target soil-dwelling pests, including fungus gnats, root aphids, and certain larvae. They work by entering the pest, releasing bacteria that kill it, and feeding on the decaying host.

How to Use:

• Apply nematodes via soil drench or through irrigation systems, ensuring even distribution in affected areas.
• Keep the soil moist for a period after application to ensure the nematodes' survival.
• Use nematodes as part of a preventative pest control strategy, especially in soil-based growing systems.

Benefits:

• Nematodes naturally target pests at the root level, protecting plants from underground damage.
• They are safe for plants and other beneficial organisms.

3. Californicus Mites (Neoseiulus californicus)

Californicus mites are generalist predators known for feeding on spider mites, thrips, and other small pests. These mites can survive on pollen when pest populations are low, allowing them to establish and persist in the growing environment.

How to Use:

• Release Californicus mites near problem areas or spread them evenly across plants to establish an early defense system.
• They thrive in moderate temperatures and humidity, so ensure the environment is conducive to their survival.
• Introduce early in the crop cycle to prevent pest populations from getting out of control.

Benefits:

• They are self-sustaining and do not require frequent reapplication.
• Californicus mites are compatible with other beneficial insects, like lacewings and ladybugs, making them ideal for a multi-layered pest management strategy.

4. Ladybugs (Hippodamia convergens)

Ladybugs are one of the most well-known beneficial insects and are extremely effective at controlling aphids, scale insects, and mites. Both the adult and larval stages of ladybugs consume large quantities of pests, making them highly valuable in a commercial grow operation.

How to Use:

• Release adult ladybugs in the evening or early morning when temperatures are cooler to encourage them to stay and feed in your crop area.
• Water plants lightly before release, as ladybugs are more likely to stay if they have access to water.
• Ladybugs work best when released in larger quantities to cover wide areas and effectively reduce pest populations.

Benefits:

• Ladybugs are natural pest predators and will stay in the grow area as long as there is a steady food source.
• They are harmless to plants and other beneficial insects, contributing to a balanced ecosystem.

Developing an Organic Pesticide SOP

Here’s how you can integrate beneficial insects like lacewings, nematodes, Californicus mites, and ladybugs into a sustainable, organic pest management SOP:

1. Regular Pest Monitoring: Conduct regular inspections of your crops to detect any early signs of pests. Identifying pest populations early will allow you to introduce beneficial insects before the problem escalates.

2. Introduce Beneficial Insects: Based on the pest type and infestation level, release the appropriate beneficial insects:

   • Use lacewing larvae for soft-bodied pests like aphids and thrips.
   • Apply nematodes for soil-dwelling pests like root aphids and fungus gnats.
   • Release Californicus mites to control spider mites and thrips.
   • Introduce ladybugs to target aphids and other small pests.

3. Maintain Optimal Growing Conditions: Ensure your grow environment is suitable for the survival of beneficial insects. This includes maintaining moderate humidity and temperature levels and ensuring the soil remains moist after nematode application. Avoid the use of chemical pesticides that could harm your beneficial insect populations.

4. Track and Reassess: Continuously monitor the effectiveness of your biological pest control measures. Keep detailed records of pest populations and the impact of the beneficial insects to determine whether further releases or adjustments are necessary.

By integrating beneficial insects like lacewing larvae, nematodes, Californicus mites, and ladybugs into your pest management practices, you create a sustainable, chemical-free growing environment. This method not only protects your crops but also supports a healthy ecosystem, aligning perfectly with organic farming principles for long-term success.